Complete EFI folder, system log, and IOReg is here. The audio device named "K3" is connected to the problematic port, as can be found in the log. Near where K3 was successfully enumerated you can see some error messages, I suspect that has something to do with this issue.
I noticed that ports work fine if I revert back to the previous BIOS version, but the newest one has resizable BAR enabled and I'd like to take advantage of that in Windows if possible.
I have Z390 Aorus Pro with Titan Ridge v2.